SERBIA – HOMELAND OF THE ROMAN EMPERORS
Serbia, the land where 17
Roman Emperors were born, presents the region of impressive tracks of glorious
Roman Empire (27 B.C. – 476 A.D.), whose rulers, according to historical sources and archaeological examinations, raised their native land till highest point.
The big role in development and extension of the great Roman Empire had the
Danube River, which also presented the border of the Empire. That role of the Danube River and its confluents, affected on a construction of big and small frontier fortresses and towns, whose remains testify about the magnificent Empire, with architecture that presents the crown of Roman architecture.
Many authors and explorers wrote about tracks of Roman Empire on the Danube coast, where the most interesting and unique cultural complex raised. One of the localities –
Felix Romuliana was ranked on the list of cultural heritage of
UNESCO, in July 2007.
Trajan Table (around 100 A.D.), that is located on natural, almost vertical rock, high above the level of Danube river, near
Kladovo, was raised by
Roman Emperor Trajan. This is a commemorative sign written in Latin, like a testimony of completed work on building of Roman military road through canyon of Danube.
Trajan Bridge (104 – 105 A.D.) near
Kladovo, was raised over Danube, by
Emperor Trajan, for the purpose of conquering of
Dakija, nowadays Romania, so it belongs to the most significant masterpieces of Roman architecture. Only remnants of the pillar remained after the bridge demolition, during Hadrian, the Trajan’s inheritor.
Diana (the end of I century), near Kladovo, fortress raised on the rocky cliff of Danube river, during the Emperor Trajan, presents one of the biggest and most preserved roman fortresses (castrums) on Danube.
Remains of
Viminacium (I - XIX century), near
Smederevo, former Roman town and military camp, presents the worlds jewel and one of the most significant archaeological sites in Southeastern Europe. Due to attractive presentation of this archaeological site, the cognition of ancient Roman town Viminacium, the capital polis of former Roman province
Upper Mezija was enabled.
A crown of Roman palatial architecture is the archaeological site
Gamzigrad – Felix Romuliana (III and IV century), the residence of
Roman Emperor Gaj Valerie Maximianus Galerius. Gamzigrad, located on the upland, near
Zajecar, in
Timok valley, presents the superior achievement of late ancient times, due to art rang of mosaics and whole architecture. Its location indicates to importance that was attached to this region within Roman Empire. The significant part of the mosaic is situated in Museum in
Zajecar that has to be visited, so the complete picture of this Roman site is gained.
Nis, birth place of the great
Roman Emperor Constantine the Great (280–337 A.D.) the first emperor that afforded the freedom of religion, to all Christians, presents the basis of
Naissus, ancient Roman Empire.
Mediana (IV century), suburb of ancient town Naissus, was built during the empire of Constantine the Great, as a residence where roman emperors resided, during their visit to Naissus. Today, only remains of basis, mosaics and marble figures are visible.
Caricin Grad –
Emperors town (VI and VII century), near
Leskovac, was raised in byzantine province
Ilirik, where emperor Justinian was born.
Caricin Grad was once known as Justinian Prima, built by emperor Justinian in 530. A.D. Life in this town lasted from VI to VII century, when it was abandoned at the time of Avro-Slavic destroying. Earlier archaeological excavations discovered the organization of the fortified area, which was composed of an acropolis, an upper part and a lower part of the town, as much as several public buildings including eight churches.
When the Roman Empire was divided on east and west part, the metropolis of the east part became nowadays
Sremska Mitrovica.
Sirmium (I – IV century), also known as
“the City of Caesars and martyrs” presents one of the four ancient roman metropolis in region of Serbia, that is located on a territory of nowadays Sremska Mitrovica. Archaeological excavations discovered the great part of the old settlement and till today 74 localities were explored. Mosaics, especially frescoes and sculptures, discovered on the territory of nowadays Sremska Mitrovica, possesses high art qualities that indicate that the first-class decorators and artists worked in Sirmium.
According to notification of
Ministry of Economy,
The Government of Serbia will soon accept the master plan
“Route of Roman Emperors”. This is a unique educational tour, which will introduce domestic and foreign tourist with the significant of
Roman Emperors that left indelible tracks of material culture in Serbia. The total amount intend to this project is 25 million euro. The plan considers of construction of parking and accesses near the remains of Roman towns and fortresses, setting up pointers, carving busts of 17 emperors, installing the lift till Trajan table, building the laser Trajan Bridge, preparing the special roman menu, making souvenirs, construction of roman boarding houses… Tourists will have unique opportunity to ride by roman rickshaws, drink roman wine, and wear roman togs and to return to a history of Roman Empire – and all that in Serbia!
Prehistoric age - Lepenski vir
Lepenski vir, a unique prehistoric discovery, was brought to light about twenty years ago.
The most important finds in the well laid-out settlement are a number of
monumental stone sculptures made some six to seven thousand years ago.
Nothing comparable has ever been unearthed in relation to such early prehistoric periods in the
Balkans and the
Danube basin. Particularly valuable to the study of the history of culture and art in the prehistoric Europe are the worked round boulders and marked slabs also found there.
Source:
www.serbia-tourism.orgLepenski vir is being renovated and will be closed for visitors until 2011.Lepenski vir, a unique prehistoric discovery, was brought to light about twenty years ago. The most important finds in the well laid-out settlement are a number of monumental stone sculptures made some six to seven thousand years ago. Nothing comparable has ever been unearthed in relation to such early prehistoric
Late-Roman fortress Gamzigrad
South of the
Danube, near
Zajecar, are the ruins of the late-
Roman fortress Gamzigrad (3rd and 4th century).
Archaeological diggings in the fortress have unearthed the remains of a palace with exceptionally fine mosaics, public baths and impressive city gates.
Mediana
The ancient
Roman town Nais,
present-day Nis, was an important frontier fortress of the Roman Empire. It was there that
the Emperor Constantine was born.
A superb bronze head of the Emperor, discovered in Nis, is now in the
National Museum in Belgrade.
The remains of the Roman summer resort
Mediana, with the foundations of villas, mosaics and marble figures, have been unearthed in the vicinity of Nis. A 6th century Byzantine tomb, discovered in the city, includes well-preserved frescoes with zoomorphic and floral motives.
The ancient Roman town Nais, present-day Nis, was an important frontier fortress of the Roman Empire. It was there that the Emperor Constantine was born.
Sirmium
Sremska Mitrovica, a town standing on the site of
Sirmium,
the capital of the Roman Empire at one time, lies south of the
Fruska Gora, on the bank of the
Sava, the biggest tributary to the
Danube in Yugoslavia.
Large scale excavations have been undertaken here in order to unearth the remains of its former splendor.
Sremska Mitrovica, a town standing on the site of Sirmium, the capital of the Roman Empire at one time, lies south of the Fruska Gora, on the bank of th
The Ortodox Monasteries
There are many
monasteries in Serbia. This foundation of
monasteries followed the forming of the first
Serbian states starting in the 10th century.
The first
monasteries were built in the
Raska region, in the Southwestern Serbia, then
Kosovo and finally in Central Serbia. Fleeing the Turkish tyranny, the majority of
Serbs migrated to the North.
Shortly thereafter, the first
monasteries on the
Fruska Gora Mountain were established. All the Serbian rulers were very religious and instead of building palaces, they established
monasteries as their endowments and
mausoleums.
Monasteries used to be the place where important decisions were made. The first books were copied here and thus literacy was spread and the culture of the Serbian people was formed.
The
monasteries' walls were illuminated by frescoes reflecting the artistic styles of the time. Some of this frescoes are extremely valuable art treasures like the
Fresco of the White Angel (
Beli andjeo) from the
13th century in the Monastery of Mileseva now under the protection of UNESCO.
Kovacica
A 30 minute drive from Belgrade brings you to the
village Kovacica, one of the
Serbian UNESCO world heritage sites.
Inhabited mostly by the
Slovak minority, the village represents a unique oasis of living traditions and original arts and crafts. Kovacica has gained worldwide fame for its tradition of naive painting and has many internationally recognized painters.
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